As data travels through a Cribl LogStream pipeline, it is operated on by a series of functions. Functions are fundamentally JavaScript code.

Functions that ship with Cribl LogStream are configurable via a set of inputs. Some of these configuration options are literals, such as field names, and others can be JavaScript expressions.

Expressions are valid units of code that resolve to a value. Every syntactically valid expression resolves to some value, but conceptually, there are two types of expressions: those that assign value to a variable (a.k.a., with side effects), and those that evaluate to a value.

Filters and Value Expressions

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Filters

Filters are used in Routes to select a stream of the data flow, and in Functions to scope or narrow down the applicability of a function. Filters are expressions that must evaluate to either true (or truthy) or false (or falsy). Keep this in mind when creating routes or functions. For example:

• sourcetype=='access_combined' && host.startsWith('web')
• source.endsWith('.log') || sourcetype=='aws:cloudwatchlogs:vpcflow'

Value Expressions

Value expressions are typically used in Functions to assign a value – for example, to a new field. For example:

• Math.floor(_time/3600)
• source.replace(/.{3}/, 'XXX')

Considerations and Best Practices for Creating Predictable Expressions

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• In a value expression, ensure that the source variable is not null, undefined, or empty. For example, assume you want to have a field called len, to be assigned the length of a second field called employeeID. But you're not sure if employeeID exists. Instead of employeeID.length you can use a safer shorthand, such as: (employeeID || '').length.

• If a field does not exist (undefined), and you're doing a comparison with its properties, then the boolean expression will always evaluate to false. For example, if employeeID is undefined, then both of these expressions will evaluate to false: employeeID.length > 10 , and employeeID.length < 10 .

• == means "equal to," while === means "equal value and equal type." For example, 5 == 5 evaluates to true, while 5 === "5" evaluates to false.

• A ternary operator is a very powerful way to create conditional values. For example, if you wanted to assign either minor or adult to a field groupAge, based on the value of age, you could do: (age >= 18) ? 'adult' : 'minor'.

Expressions Using Fields with Non-Alphanumeric Characters

If there are fields with non-alphanumeric characters – e.g., @timestamp or user-agent or kubernetes.namespace_name – you can access them using __e['<field-name-here>']. (Note the single quotes.) More details here. In any other place where the field is referenced – e.g., in the Eval function's field names – you should use a single-quoted literal, of the form: '<field-name-here>'.

Wildcard Lists

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Wildcard Lists are used throughout the product, especially in various Functions, such as Eval, Mask, Publish Metrics, Parser, etc.

Wildcard Lists, as their name implies, accept strings with asterisks (*) to represent one or more terms. They also accept strings that start with an exclamation mark (!) to negate one or more terms.

Wildcard Lists are order-sensitive only when negated terms are used. This allows for implementing any combination of whitelists and blacklists.

For example: